Outbreaks and Infections
- July 2015 Human Salmonella infections
CDC, public health, veterinary, and agriculture officials in many states and the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS) are investigating four multistate outbreaks of human Salmonella infections linked to contact with live poultry.- As of July 29, 2015, 218 people infected with the outbreak strains ofSalmonella have been reported from 41 states.
- 50 ill people have been hospitalized. No deaths reported.
- Epidemiologic, laboratory, and traceback findings have linked these four outbreaks of human Salmonella infections to contact with chicks, ducklings, and other live poultry from multiple hatcheries.
- 117 (84%) of the 140 ill people who were interviewed reported contact with live poultry in the week before their illness began.
- As of July 29, 2015, 218 people infected with the outbreak strains ofSalmonella have been reported from 41 states.
- October 2014 Vesicular Stomatitis (VS):
Texas has had a decrease in the number of quarantined premises and there have been no new cases since October 1, 2014. There have been 62 premises (as of October 8) in 13 counties confirmed to have VS. Colorado has had an increase in confirmed VS cases (cows and horses); 1 in Otero County, 1 in Morgan County, and 5 in Pueblo County. Total of 320 premises have been quarantined; 69 are still under quarantine.- ****Livestock owners should manage fly populations to decrease transmission
- *****Livestock owners and veterinarians should contact destination state prior to any interstate movement.
- VS is a viral disease that presents similarly to Foot and Mouth Disease, a foreign animal disease, and can cause significant economic losses. This disease is reportable.
- September 4, 2014 Equine Infectious Anemia – South Carolina:
A 16 year old Mule was euthanized after a positive Coggins Test; the Mule showed no clinical signs at the time of testing. See below for further information on EIA.
- July 3, 2014 Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE):
2 horses have tested positive in Pasco County, Florida. http://tbo.com/pasco-county/two-cases-of-equine-encephalitis-detected-in-pasco-county-20140703/>- EEE is transmitted by mosquitos and can only be prevented through vaccination. Horses should be vaccinated at least 3 weeks prior to mosquito season and standing water should be minimized as much as possible around barns to prevent mosquito breeding. Humans can not get the disease from infected horses; however, humans can get the disease from infected mosquitos in the area.
- June 30, 2014 Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA):
1 horse has tested positive in Johnson County Wyoming and was euthanized. All other horses on that property and the adjacent property have been quarantined pending a second Coggins test in 60 days. There is no vaccine, treatment, or cure for Equine Infectious Anemia; the Coggins test is performed prior to shipping, or selling a horse to prevent outbreaks happening due to the highly contagious nature of the disease.
http://www.kxlo-klcm.com/site/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3118:equine-infectious-anemia-found-in-wyoming&catid=8:ag-news-pod&Itemid=115
- October 28, 2013 E. coli outbreak from a Minnesota Petting Zoo:
Three children were diagnosed with E. coli 0157, a strain that can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome potentially leading to kidney failure, after contact with cattle and goats at a pumpkin patch petting zoo. Hand washing is the best prevention against infection with E.coli! http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/health/2013/10/28/e-coli-outbreak-tied-to-minn-pumpkin-farms-petting-zoo/
Research
- June 2014 World Alliance Against Antibiotic Resistance (WAAAR) has released its declaration. As stated in the document, “we must change how antibiotics are used and adopt proactive strategies, similar to those used to save endangered species. Preservation of the efficacy of antibiotics and to stabilization of antibiotic-susceptible bacterial ecosystems should be global goals.” The document outlines 10 actions to address antibiotic preservation.
https://www.escmid.org/fileadmin/src/media/PDFs/3Research_Projects/WAAAR_Paris_Declaration_V10_1.pdf
Books
- Veterinary Infection Prevention and Control by Caveney, Jones and Ellis.
Websites and Blogs
- One Health Initiative: http://www.onehealthinitiative.com/
- Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu
- Worms and Germs Blog – University of Guelph http://www.wormsandgermsblog.com
- Antimicrobial Resistance Learning Site: http://amris.cvm.msu.edu
- CDC – The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Veterinary: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/veterinary/work.html
- AVMA Veterinary Emergency Preparedness: https://www.avma.org/KB/Resources/Reference/disaster/Pages/default.aspx
- AVMF Disaster Preparedness and Relief: http://www.avmf.org/whatwedo/disaster-preparedness-relief/
Papers and Documents
- Gyles, Carlton. Infection Control in Veterinary Clinics. The Canadian Veterinary Journal. 2009. 50(4): 339-344.
- National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians. Model Infection Control Plan: http://www.nasphv.org/documentsCompendia.html
- University of Guelph: Biosecurity for Horse Owners http://www.equineguelph.ca/pdf/facts/bio_security_info_FINAL.pdf